In India, Mumbai was paralyzed for nearly three days owing to a coordinated terrorist attack. The Anglicans, too, faced discontent as a split in the church left the communion fragmented. In Turkey the government grappled with maintaining a political balance between secular and Islamic influences. The presidential campaign highlighted the emergence of “citizen journalists,” everyday people who reported the news. presidential campaign resulted in the election of Democrat Barack Obama, who made history as the first African American to win that office. Meanwhile, freegans, individuals dedicated to finding alternatives to a consumerist economy, munched on discarded vegetarian foodstuffs. Worldwide, populations that were already struggling to meet basic needs were further hampered by soaring food prices. Later in the year, the global economic collapse sent the financial markets plunging and investors scrambling and forced consumers to tighten their belts. Though many concerns were raised about China’s prospects for mounting the Olympic Games, Beijing triumphed in spectacular form and staged many of the sporting events in uniquely designed venues. He year 2008 was one of momentous change and wild uncertainty. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 38-12082 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-59339-232-1 International Standard Serial Number: 0068-1156 No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Britannica Book of the Year, Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica, and the Thistle logo are registered trademarks of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Hoiberg Director of Production Marsha Mackenzie Safra President Jorge Aguilar-Cauz Senior Vice President, Corporate Development Michael Ross Senior Vice President and Editor Dale H. Yvette Charboneau John Cunningham Kimberly Jeffries Dennis Skord Diana SolomonĬhairman of the Board Jacob E. Steven Bosco Lisa Braucher Bruce Walters Mark Wiechec DIRECTOR, MANUFACTURING Barton DIRECTOR, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND RETRIEVALīarbara A. Cleary Nicole Digiacomo DIRECTOR, ART AND COMPOSITIONĪSSISTANT LIBRARIAN MEDIA ASSET MANAGEMENT STAFF Rosaline Jackson-Keys SENIOR EDITOR, STATISTICAL STAFF Hayes Sherman Hollar Kathleen Kuiper Lorraine Murray Jeff Wallenfeldt DIRECTOR, STATISTICAL STAFF Patricia Bauer Heather Campbell Virginia Gorlinski David C. Cate Nichols MANAGER, MEDIA ASSET MANAGEMENT
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